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| 1644 |
| | | The British East India Company completes the construction of Fort St George in Madras | |
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| 1646 |
| | | A young Hindu prince, Shivaji, captures Bijapur in a campaign against Muslim rulers that will result in his establishing a Maratha empire | |
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| 1656 |
| | | After a six-month siege, the Dutch capture Colombo from the Portuguese in Sri Lanka | |
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| 1658 |
| | | For the final years of his life the emperor Shah Jahan is held a prisoner, by his son Aurangzeb, in Agra's Red Fort | |
|  | Agra, Red Fort
Fotofile CG
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| 1658 |
| | | The Dutch expel the Portuguese from the last of their trading posts in Sri Lanka | |
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| 1668 |
| | | England's East India Company is granted a lease on Bombay by Charles II, who has received it from his Portuguese bride | |
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| 1673 |
| | | The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb begins building the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore | |
|  | Lahore, Badshahi Mosque
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1690 |
| | | France by now has six fortified trading settlements around the coast of India, of which Pondicherry is the most important | |
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| 1696 |
| | | Fort St William is built by the East India Company in the Ganges delta, and subsequently develops into Calcutta | |
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| 1699 |
| | | The tenth Sikh guru, Gobind Rai, commits his people to the five Ks, which become the outward signs of their group identity | |
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